Refrigerating machine



Mar. 27, 1923,

1,449,848 w. WISHART ET AL REFRIGERATING MACHINE 5 sheets-sheet l Filed Fcb. 26, 1918 W 55555 1 W 5 a fif l'dm zbfiafi Mar. 27, 1923 1,449,848

w. WISHART ET AL REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed Feb. 26, 1918 3 sheets-sheet 2 Mar. 27, 1923,

REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed Feb. 26, 1918 w. WISHART ET AL 5' sheets-sheet 3 mZZzaw/fawrr Patented Mar. 27,

Bataan WILLIAM WISHART AND JOHN O.

wIsHAn'r, or CLINTON, IOWA, ASSIGNORS 'ro CLINTON REFRIGERATING COMPANY, OF- CLINTON, IOWA, A CORPORATION OF IOWA.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that' and JOHN O. WISHART, citlzens of the REFRIGERATING MACHINE.

Application filed February c, 1918. Serial No.. 219,211.

we, WILLIAM WISHART an F igure 10 tion taken through the condenser and supis a vertical longitudinal sec- United States, and residents of the citv 0f tional view of a modified form of condenser.

Clinton, in the-:county of Clinton and State 'of Iowa, have invented certain new and useful Improvements 1n 'Machine; and we do following is a full, clear, and exact descripreference being had tothe accompanying drawings, and to the nu-' merals of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to refrigerating machines comprising a compressor and a condenser for providing for the expansion coils of element, and; has for its object a simple and compact outfit comprising a condenser and compressor, which are arranged and constructed so that the parts tion of the same,

thereof are easily assembled for repairs and replacement.

Our invention illustrated in the a and described in the On the drawings Figure l isa top view of the complete outfit excepting the shown in another figure.

view of the outfit shown Figure 2 is a side in Figure 1.

Figure 3 is an enlarged longitudinal vertical sectional view the line 33 of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is an enlarged transverse ver-- tical sectional View the line 44 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a transverse sectional v1ew of the compressor cylinder taken on the line '5-5 of igure 3.

Figure 6 is an enlarged longitudinal sec- -tional view of the piston and connections therebetween.

Figure 7 is a 7-7 of Figure 6.

Figure 8 is a sectional v88 of Figure 6.

Figure 9 is a vertical longitudinal sec- (in a preferred form) is ccompanying drawings sectional view on the line the cooling fluid the refrigerating to provide 7, a d

at each side following specification.

' guides.

governor which is chamber 7, one piston of the compressor on of the compressor on the bolts 17, the chamber 7, is

an outwardly 20, to provide for view on the line andthe plate .18.

a bushing towards the chamber 7, ton 9, is moving outwardly the'reform.

The chamber 7, is open one of the side openings is plate 15, which is secured to the flange 16, around the said side opening, by means of The other side opening of closed by lar plate 18, which has a central openin 19, therethrough for the drive shaft 20, an

extending sleeve 21, which embraces and is spaced from the drive shaft packing material 22, for sealing the joint between the drive shaft 20, 95

s shown on the drawings:

The reference numerals '1 and 2, indicate standards for supporting the condenser and other parts of the outfit, each of which has 3, adapted to embrace the of the condenser cylinder or which is supported thereby. standards 1 and 2, extends above the ring portion 3, and is provided 5, .tosupport other mechanism.

Mounted upon the top 5, of the standard 1,Vis a compressor, which has the integral casting 6, formed with a central chamber a pair of opposed cylinders 8, one

of the chamber 7, .andin alignment. Within each cylinder 8, is a piston 9, which is connected by a piston rod 10, with a common cross head 11, Which'is composed of a pair of upright guides 12, which are connected at their ends bolts 13, and suitably spaced by means of sleeves 14, on the bolts intermediate of the Thus it will be tons 9, are connected together by means of the piston rods 10, and so as to reciprocate simultaneously and as the cylinders 8, are on 0 tank 4, Each 01' these with a flat top by means of the seen that the pisthe cross head 11,

pposite sides of the 9, moves inwardly as the other pisat each side, and closed by a means of a. simior compressing the packing 22, there is or insert 23, which fits into the outer end of the sleeve 21, against the packing 22, and projects therefrom so as to be engaged by the nut 24, threaded onto the outer end of the sleeve 21.

The drive shaft 20, projects laterally from the compressor case 6, and has the drive pulley 25, secured thereon, and there is an extended journal box 26, spaced from the cover plate 18, and connected therewith by means of the spider 27, and ring 28, which engages against the outer face of the plate 18. gether secured to a flange 29, of the casting 6, around the side opening of the chamber 7, by means of the bolts 30, which pass through the ring 28, and the plate 18, and have a-threaded engagement with the flange 29. J

In order to provide access to the packingsleeve 21, for adjusting and replacing the packing, and also to provide for wear of the shaft 20, in the journal box 26, said journal box is made with an internal diameter greater than the external diameter of the.

nut 24, and has the bushing or bearing 31, inserted therein, in which the shaft 20, is mounted. When it is necessary to have access to the packing sleeve 21, the bearing 31, is moved outwardly from its position in the journal box 26, and the nut 24, may then be withdrawn from engagement with the sleeve 21, into the space in the journal box 26, from which the bearing 31, has just been removed. The drive shaft 20, extends into the chamber or crank case 7, of the compressor, and has the double crank 32,'therein with the crank pin 33, thereof between the guides 12, of the cross head 11, and at the opposite side from the shaf t 20, the said double crank 32, has the journal 34, in alignment with the shaft 20, and seated in a bearing 35, centrally arranged in the inner face of the cover plate 15,

so as to firmly hold the crank 32, for

rotation. If desired a single crank may be employed instead of the double crank, in which case the bearing 35 is unnecessary and a plain cover plate may be used.

' is a ournal box formed of the half sections 36, which are clamped together to engage Mounted upon the crank pin 33,- intermediate of the guides 12,0f the, cross head 11',

the crank pin 33, between and by means of guides 12, whereby the journal box 36, is

held from turning and permitted to slide longitudinallyof the guides '12 as the crank 32, is rotated. Tovretain the bearing .36, in

place said half bearings are provided with the lips 37 engaging the sides of the guies12.

that as the shaft 20, is rotated, and the crank The rin'g28, and the plate 18, are tothe cross head 11, and the piston rod 10, to the pistons 9, to reciprocate the same, and the vertical movement of the crank pin is provided for by the sliding engagement of the bearings 36, with the guides 12, which prevents the vertical movement from being imparted to the piston rods 10', and pistons 9. At the outer end of each cylinder 8, is an enlarged chamber 38, and the outer end of the cylinder bore has an annular valve seat 39, which is adapted to be engaged by the valve 40, which moves to and from the seat 39, to control communication between the cylinder chamber and the enlarged chamber 38. This valve 40, is carried by a valve holder 41, which has a tubular chamber 42 and there is a hub 43, on the outer face of the valve 40, which slides in the inner end of the tubular chamber 42. A stem 44, co nectedwith the hub 43, extends through e outer end of the tubular chamber 42, and there is a spring 45, coiled around the stem 44, and compressed between the hub 43, and the end wall of the tubular chamber 42, whereby the valve 40, is held against the valve seat 39. For securing the valve holder 41, in the end of the cylinder, the said holder is made with a flange 46, which engages an annular flange 47, and is held thereagainst by means of the cylinder head 48, which bears against the outer face of the flange 46, of the valve holder, place on the end of the cylinder by means of the bolts 49.

The inner end of the valve'holder 41, is i formed with a disk 50, and the valve 40, has a flange 51, engaging the rim of the disk It will be noted that a closed .chamber outlet from the space between the valve 40,.

and the disk 50.

The fluid to be compressed is supplied through a pipe 53, which communicates with the crankcase or chamber 7, at the top, and is designed tobe passed through each pistoniinto the cylinder chamber at the opposite side of the piston, wherein it is comthe valve 40, into the chamber 38, and from thence it discharges through the outlet p p lhepiston 9, which has the usual piston- ,rings 55, seated therein, and engaging the bore of the cylinder to provide a tight sliding- -joint, ishollow, and the piston rod 10, is {connected to the inner end thereof by i'meansof a heavy spider 56, which has the Fromthe foregoing, it will beapparent-f pressed andfrom which it is forced through openings 57, therethrough to admit the fluid has the valve seat member 59, threaded therein so as to close the outer'end of the piston and provide a valve seat for the valve 60. Within the'chamber 58, of the piston, there is a hub 61,'which is secured to the valve seat member 59, by means of the arms 62, and has the stem 63," of the valve 60, passed therethrough. This stem 63, is provided at the end beyond the hub 61, with a head 64, and there is a spring 65, coiled around the stem 63, and compressed between the head 64, and the hub 61, so as to hold the valve 60, normally closed.

From the foregoing, it will be noted, that when the shaft 20, is power which may be applied to the drive wheel 25, the operation of the crank 32, in the crank case 37, causes reciprocation of the pistons 9, in the cylinders 8. The valve 40, at the end of each cylinder being normally closed, and the chamber or crank case supplied with the fluid to be compressed, as the pistons 9, move inwardlytowards the crank case, a partial vacuum is formed in each cylinder at the outer end of the piston, which causes the valve 60, in the piston to open and permits the fluid from the crank case 7, to pass into the cylinder chamber at the outer end of the piston.

' As each piston moves outwardly, its valve 60, closes and the continuing outward movement of the piston compresses the fluid in the cylinder until the pressure in the cylinder overcomes the resistance of the spring 45, and the pressure in the chamber 38, at the outer end of the cylinder whereupon the valve 40, will open and the compressed fluid in the cylinder chamber will be forced outward through the valve into the chamber 38, and therefrom through the outlet pipe 54. To insure complete filling of the cylinder at the outer side of the piston with the fluid to be compressed, we have provided the grooves or channels 99, in the cylinder bore, which-extend from the inner end of the cylinder to a point beyond the outer end of the piston when'the piston is at the end of its inward movement, which then permits the fluid from the crank case or chamber 7, to flow through the grooves 99, into the cylinder chamber. These grooves are preferably arranged spirally in the bore of the cylinder as shown by dotted lines in Figure 3 so as to a transect the surface of the piston and prevent undue wear at any one place thereon. As the piston begins to move outwardly it covers the'outer ends of these grooves and prevents communication between the chamber or crank case 7, and the outer end of the cylinder.

For operating the compressor, a motor 66,

may be mounted on the top 5, of the standard 2, and have the belt wheel 67, thereof connected with the drive pulley 25, of the compressor by means of the belt 68.

rotated by means of be filled with a For storing and condensing the cooling fluid after compression, we have provided the condenser 4, which is shown in detail in Figure 9. Thls. condenser comprises the outer cylinder 69, and the'inner cylinder 70, which are means of the heads 71, and 72, which are clampedagainst the ends of the cylinder 69 and 70, by means of the'tie-rod or bolt 73, which has a nut 74, at each end engaging the outer wall of the heads 71 and 72. The inner faces of the heads 71 and 72, are each provided with a circular groove 75, to receive the ends of the cylinder 69, and with a circular groove 76, to receive the ends of the inner cylinder 7 O, and these grooves may packing material so that when the heads 71 and 72, are clamped onto the ends of the cylinders, a tight joint is assured. The outer cylinder 69, has the pipe 77, communicating therewith which pipe is connectedwith the outlet pipe 54, of the compressor, so that the fluid compressed in both cylinders of the compressor is dis charged into the cyliner 69. An outlet pipe 78, from the cylinder 69, leads to the expansion coils of the refrigerating plant or to such element as is to be supplied with, the cooling fluid.

As the gas or refrigerating fluid is discharged into the cylinder 69, it is heated from the operation of the compressor thereon, and in order to condense and cool the gas, the inner cylinder 70, is provided, with: in which running water is circulated so as to absorb the heat from the compressed gas. The water may be supplied to the cylinder 70, in any suitablemanner by means of a pump or" otherwise, and in order to automatically furnish a supply of water while the machine is in operation, and to discontinue the supply when the machine is inoperative, we have provided a water supply governor comprising the automatically operated valve 79, (see Fig. 4) which is interposed between the water supply pipe. 80, and the pipe 81, that furnishes the water to the condenser. Thisvalve is positioned adjacent theouter end of the drive shaft 20, of the compressor and consists of the, control valve 82, having the stem 83, pro- 'ecting outwardly beyond the valve casing 9, towards the end of the shaft '20, and this stem 83, has at its outer end, a contact plate or disk 84, which is adapted to be engaged by the operating member of a governor mounted on the outer'end of the compressor shaft 20. A spring 85, is interposed between the disk 84, and the valve casing 79, so that the valve is normally held closed and may be opened by pressure applied to the outer end of the stem 83.

Mounted at the outer end of the drive shaft 20, is a sleeve 86, which has the pin 87,.rnoun-ted to slide axially therein, and

spaced and held together by normally held inwardly by means of the spring 88, which is coiled on the stem or pin 87, and compressed between the head 89, on the inner end of the stem 87, and the bushing 90, threaded into the outer end of the sleeve. The outer end of the stem 87, is positioned so that when the stem is retracted as shown in Figure 4, it is adjacent the outer face of the disk 84, and the valve 82, is permitted to close.

Mounted on the outer end of the drive.

shaft 20, adjacent the sleeve 86, are a pair of governor weights 91, which are pivoted as at 92, so as to be thrown outwardly by centrifugal force as the shaft 20, is rotated. These governor weights are provided with arms 93, which engage the inner end or head 89 of the pin 87, so that as the governor weights 91, are thrown outwardly, the pin 87, is forced outwardly against the tension of the spring 88, so as to engage the disk 84, and open the valve 82. With this structure, the valve 82, will remain closed when the compressor is inoperative, and the supply of water to the cylinder 70, will be thereby interrupted. As soon as the compressor is set in operation, the governor balls 91, will be operated so as to extend the pin 87, and open the valve 82, and permit water to be supplied through the valve to the cylinder 70, of the condenser. Thus the water to the condenser is automatically controlled and the quantity thereof may be proportioned in accordance with the operation of the compressor. The water from the cylinder 70, is discharged through the outlet pipe 94, which is located at the opposite end of the cylinder 70, from the inlet pipe 81, so that the water is caused to travel the entire length of the cylinder 70, before it is discharged.

In Figure 10, we

have shown a modified form of condenser in which 95, indicates the tank or cylinder that receives the gas or fluid from the compressor and 96, the cylinder which forms a water jacket around the cylinder 95. It is necessary that the cylinder which contains the compressed gas must be sealed more securely than the compartment which contains the water, and in this modified form, the cylinder 95, is provided with the heads 97, which are welded onto the ends of the cylinder 95, or otherwise secured to provide a joint sufficiently to maintain the pressure of the gas in the cylinder. The inlet pipe 77, is connected with one of the heads 97, and the outlet pipe 7 8, with the head at the opposite end of the cylinder. A ring or head 98, is mounted on the cylinder 95, at each end thereof, and has the cylinder 96, held therebetween, the said head 98. being secured to the cylinder 95, and also to the cylinder 96, in any suitable manner to provide a water tight joint. The water supply pipe 81, communicates with the tight bottom of the cylinder 96, and the outlet pipe 94:, for the water is connected at the top thereof.

The operation is as follows:

When it is desired to provide a supply of compressed fluid for refrigerating purposes, the motor 66, is set in operation and the comressor which is driven thereby by means of the belt 68, draws in the fluid to be compressed through the inlet pipe 53, which may be connected with the discharge end of the expansion coils of the refrigerating outfit or otherwise supplied. The fluid in the crank case 7, is then passed through the pistons 9, as their operation continues and is compressed in the cylinders at the outer end of the piston and forced outwardly through the outlet pipe 54, and into the pipe 77, which conducts the compressed gas into the cylinder of the condenser, from whence it is thereafter supplied through the pipe 78, to the expansion coil Or other element of the refrigerating outfit.

As soon as the compressor is in operation, the governor weights 91, are thrown outwardly and thereby open the valves 82, so that water is immediately supplied to circulate in the condenser to cool the com pressed gas. As soon as the compressor is stopped, the governor balls9l, immediately are forced inwardly owing to the force of the spring 88, and the valve 82 is released and closes under the action of the spring 85, and shuts off the supply of water to the condenser.

We have, for the purpose of illustration, shown our refri erating machine in a certain specific form. various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the principles of our invention and we do not purpose limiting our patent for this invention otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

We claim as our invention:

In a refrigerating machine, a horizontally disposed condenser cylinder, supports for the same near each end comprising ring portions encircling said cylinder and formed with flat tops, a motor mounted upon one of said tops, a compressor mounted upon the other top, a shaft in said compressor for operating the same, a drive pulley thereon operated from said motor, a valve for controlling the circulation of cooling water'through said condenser, and a centrifugal controlling means for said valve mounted on one end of said shaft. In witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM VVISHART. JOHN O. -WISHART. Witnesses:

L. F. SUTTON, A. M. Coorrm.

However we are aware that 

